Malware

Ngaahi fa’ahinga angamaheni

Vailasi

Koe vailasi ko ha faile ‘oku fa’u ‘o taumu’a ke ne fai ha kovi pe ke fai ‘aki ha ngaahi ‘ekitiviti hia. ‘Oku ‘ilonga e ngaahi hia ‘e ni’ihi ki he tokotaha ngāue’aki e komipiuta, ka ‘oku lahi ange ‘ene ngāue ‘ikai ke fakatokanga’i. ‘Oku lahi e fa’ahinga ‘o e vailasi. Hangē koe ‘worm’, tatau ia ki hono ‘ohofi ha komipiuta ‘oku laveangofua ke fakamafola atu ai ki he ngaahi komipiuta kehe. A ‘trojan horse’, ko ha polokalama ‘oku fakangalingali lelei ka e fufū’i ‘ene fatongia ke uesia.

Fakatuʻutamaki, ʻe lava ke aʻu ʻa e vailasi ki hoʻo meʻangāue fakakomipiuta ʻo fakafotunga atu ʻoku ke ʻ trojan ʻ, malava ke liunga lahi hono fakatupu kimuʻa pea ke toki hoko atu ki ha meʻangāue ʻ ʻworm ʻ mo faʻu ha ʻ spyware ʻ.

Spyware

Koe Spyware ko ha fa’ahinga vailasi ia ‘oku fakataumu’a pau pe hono fa’u ke kaiha’asi e fakamatala fekau’aki mo e ‘ekitiviti ‘I ho’o komipiuta pe me’angāue kehe. Ko e kakai naʻa nau fa’u e Spyware ʻaki e ngaahi taumuʻa kehekehe, tautautefito ke ma’u e pa’anga ‘i he founga kākā mo kaiha’asi ‘o e ngaahi fakamatala pau. ‘E lava pe he Spyware ʻo fakahoko ha ngaahi ngāue taʻe-fakalao, mei hono faʻu ha ngaahi tuʻuaki ke kaihaʻa hoʻo fakaikiiki fakapangikē ʻaki hono faitaa’i ʻa e ngaahi uepisaiti ‘oku ke ‘a’ahi ki ai ‘o a’u ki hono lekooti e ngaahi ki ‘oku te taipe’I (‘oku ‘iloa ia koe keylogger). ‘E lava pe e Spyware ‘o tupu ke lahi. Koe founga angamaheni ngāue’aski he Spyware koe Remote Access Trojan(RAT), hangē koe ‘fraudster’ polokalama kākā pe ko ha polokalama koe ‘oe ‘cybercriminal’ ke pule’I e ngaahi me’angāue kuo ‘osi uesia pea ne fakafotunga mai ia ko e tokotaha ia ne ngāue’aki. ‘E lava ke kau heni hono fakakamo’ui ‘o e ‘webcams’ ke lava faka’atā ‘o fakasiosio ai ki he tokotaha ne ngāue’aki e komipiuta.

Ransomware

Ko e Ransomware ko ha founga fakatuʻutamaki ia ʻo e malauea ʻa ia ʻoku ne ‘oangē ‘ae ngofua ki he cybercriminals ke lokaʻi ha komipiuta pe ko ha meʻangāue kehe, pea toki totongi huhuʻi ke ʻ fakaava ʻ ia. ʻOku fakamatalaʻi fakaʻauliliki ʻa e Ransomware ʻi he saiti koeniere.

ʻOku kau ʻi he ngaahi malauea kehe ʻa e ‘rootkits’, ‘dishonest adware’ mo e ‘scareware’.

Founga ʻoku uesia ai e ngaahi me’angāue

‘E malava he Malauea ʻo ʻohofi hoʻo komipiuta pe ngaahi meʻangāue kehe ʻo fakafou ʻi he ngaahi founga ko ʻeni:

• Ko hono fakaava ho ‘imeili ‘attachments’ ‘osi uesia
• Ko hono fakaava ngaahi faile ‘osi uesia mei he ‘u kautaha fakakomipiuta ‘I he ‘initaneti( hangē koe High Tail (‘ilo kimu’a ‘aki e YouSendIt), Dropbox)
• ‘ahia ‘o ha ngaahi uepisaiti ‘oku palopalema, ne fakafou mai ‘I he fehokotaki’anga kākā ‘I he imeili pe mita fakasōsiale .
• Koe polokalama ‘I he ‘initaneti, ‘oku ‘ikai fakatokanga’I ia ‘e he tokotaha ne faka’aonga’I (‘worms’ ko e sipinga ia ‘oe me’ani)
• ‘Macros’ ‘I he polokalama ‘ilekitonika fakapepa(Word Processing Files, Spreadsheets etc..)
• Ngaahi me’angāue ki he fakafehokotaki faka’ilekitonika( hangē koe ‘memory sticks’, ‘external hard drives’, MP3 players, cameras)
• CDs/DVDs.

Ngaahi nunu’a fakatupu ‘e he Malauea

• Kaiha’a fakamatala pau ki ha taha
• Kākā
• ‘Ohofi ‘o e tau’ataina fakafo’ituitui ‘o ha taha
• Kaiha’a, tamate’I moe/ pe kovi ‘oe teita
• Tuai pe koe komipita ‘oku ‘ikai ngāue

POLOKALAMA MALU’I ‘INITANETI

‘Oku mahu’inga ke tauhi ho ‘initaneti ke malu (polokalama ta’ofi vailasi, ta’ofi kaiha’a ‘ihe ‘aho ko ia koe’uhi ke ma’u e malu taha. Lau miliona e ‘strains’ fotunga kehe kehe e ‘malauea’ ‘oku ma’u he ta’u kotoa, tuku kehe ‘ene mafulifuli ‘ihe ‘ene fo’ou moe fa’ahinga ‘oku lolotonga ‘I ai. ‘Oku kehe ma’u pe hono fotunga mo ‘ene fakamo’oni pea malava ai ‘e he ‘u kautaha ngaahi polokalama malu’I ‘initaneti ke fakatokanga’I pea lava ke fa’u e polokalama fe’unga kene matatali. Koe tokolahi ‘o e polokalama malu’I ‘initaneti ‘oku tukuhifo ‘otometiki he taimi pe koia (taimi e ni’ihi ‘oku ui koe ‘definitions’) ‘I he taimi kotoa, koloa pe ‘oku ke ‘initaneti pea ‘osi totongi ho’o tukuhau fakata’u (kihe koloa-‘osi totongi). ‘Ihe ‘ene pehe ‘oku totonu ke malu ‘aupito ia meihe ‘oho e ‘malauea’.

Koe polokalama hulu vailasi ‘I he founga kehe kehe:

• ‘Oku ne hulu e ‘imeili ‘oku hu main a ‘oku ‘iai ha vailasi.
• ‘Oku ne siofia e faile he taimi ‘oku fakaava ke fakappu’I ‘oku ‘ikai mahamahaki.
• ‘Oku ne hulu fakataimi e faile ‘i ho komipiuta.

Koe polokalama malu’I ‘initaneti e ni’ihi ‘oku nau lava ‘o hulu e ‘USB connected devices (change koe memory sticks, external harddrives, MP3 players), he taimi fehokotaki. Fa’ahinga e ni’ihi ‘oku ‘ai ke ‘ilo e uepisaiti ta’epau.

Koe Polokalama malu’I ‘initaneti ‘oku ’ikai lava ia ‘o fakahaofi koe meihe:

• ‘Spam’ ‘imeil ita’e’uhinga
• Founga kehe kehe e kākā pe ko ha fa’ahinga founga ta’efakalao he ‘initaneti ‘oku ‘ikai fakatupu meihe ‘malauea’.
• Tokotaha ‘oku feinga mei ha komipiuta ke hu ta’efakalao mai ki ho’o komipiuta ngāue ‘aki e ‘initaneti.

Koe polokalama malu’I ‘initaneti ‘oku ‘ikai ‘aonga ia ‘oka pau ‘oku ‘ikai fakamo’ui pe ‘oku ‘ikai ke moteni e ‘virus signature’

Fili e polokalama malu’I ‘initaneti

Makatu’unga ia mei he lahi ho kautaha, ‘oku ‘I ai e founga kehe kehe teke lava ‘o fili ai ho polokalama malu’I ‘initneti ke fakatau:

• Fakataha pe taau taha polokalama ‘antivirus/antispareware

Koe tokolahi e kautaha ha’anautolu e polokalama malu’I ‘initaneti ‘oku nau fakatau atu pe e polokalama nomolo ‘oku ne hulu e vailasi, pehe foki kihe’u polokalama malu’I kakato ‘oku kau ai e ‘u tafaki kehe ‘o kau ai moe ‘firewall’, ‘spam filtering’ anti spyware moe ‘internet content filters’, Polokalama ‘antivirus/antispyware ‘I ai pe ‘oku ma’u pe he totongi ma’ama’a ‘e lava pe ha pisinisi ‘o fakatau. ‘Oku totonu ke ma’u ‘aki ha ‘package’ ke malu’I e komipiuta, moupaili moe ‘infrastructure’ mei he palopalema h’u mai meihe ‘initaneti pea ‘oku si’I ai e fakamole ‘I ha’o fakatau taau taha.

Fakakaukau’I ange koe polokalama malu’I ‘initaneti na’e fo’u ke faingofua hono fokotu’u, fakafo’ou mo hono leva’I ki ha misini ‘elekitolonika .

• Polokalama malu’I ‘initaneti ta’etotongi

‘Oku ‘I ai e ‘u polokalama ‘antivirus/antispyware’ ta’etotongi- kau ai moe konga ki he komesiale ken au faka’aonga’i. ‘Ihe konga lahi koe ‘u koloa ‘ta’etotongi’ ‘oku ‘ikai kakato ‘no-frills versions’ ‘ hono naunau koe ‘uhi koe kautaha ‘oku nau ngaahi ‘oku ‘amanaki lelei pe t eke toki ‘upgrade’ ‘I he kaha’u. ‘Oku ngalingali koe malu’I ‘oku tatatau pe ia mo e polokalama totongi ‘paid for version’, ka koe tokoni fakatekinikale ‘e si’isi’I pe hala ‘aupito.

• Polokalama ‘Windows Defender’ ‘oku ‘I loto- -pea ngāue he ‘default’ – ‘I he ‘Windows 10, Windows 8
  Koe ‘Microsoft product’ ‘os fo’u ke ne lava ‘o ta’ofi, to’o mo ‘quarantine spyware’ ‘I loto he ‘Microsoft Windows’. Na’e ‘uluaki ‘iloa ia ko ‘Microsoft AntiSpyware. ‘Iai e kautaha ngaahi moe falekoloa ‘oku nau tukuatu e polokalama malu’I fakataha moe komipiuta, kapau teke fakakaukau k eke ma’u pea ‘oua ‘e ngalo keke lesisita ‘I he hili pe ‘ene ‘osi koe ‘uhi ke fakafo’ou ma’u pe.

Fakatokanga’I ange kuo pau keke vaka’I fakalelei kihe tohi tu’utu’uni e ‘u kautaha kimu’a ho’o ngāue ‘aki e taha ‘o e polokalama malu’I ‘initaneti – koe ‘uhi na’a ta’e’aonga loua.

Fe feitu’u teke ma’u ai e polokalam malu’I ‘initaneti

Polokalama malu’I ‘initaneti ‘oku ma’u ia mei he uepisaiti koe ‘o e kautaha ‘oku ne ngaahi, mataotao Pisinisi he falekoloa komipiuta, falekoloa loto siti moe falekoloa ‘initaneti. ‘Ihe fakatu he loto falekoloa, ‘oku nomolo pe ke fakahū ha disk pea tukuhifo e ‘u ‘updates’ meihe ‘initaneti he taimi ‘oku fie ma’u ai. ‘Iho’o fakatau he ‘initaneti ‘e ‘otometiki pe e tukuhifo e ‘latest version’ ‘I loto ai ‘all updates’. Koe polokalama malu’I ‘initaneti ta’etotongi ‘oku fakamatala’I atu ‘I ‘olunga ‘oku ma’u pe mo ia he ‘initaneti kehe kehe (ISPs) moe pangikē. ‘Oku malava foki ke tukuhifo ta’etotongi e ‘u polokalama meihe ‘initaneti ka ke fakapapau’I ‘oku ke ngāue ‘aki e uepisaiti falala’anga.

Malu’I mei he vailasi moe polokalama ‘spyware’

Tukukehe hono fakahū e polokalama malu’I ‘initaneti pea tauhi ke ‘update’, mau fale’I atu e founga kehe kehe ke lava ‘o tauhi ho’o komipiuta, mopaili moe ‘u mea’ ‘elekitolonika moe ‘initaneti ke malu mei he vailasi moe ‘spyware’.

• Kai kehe ‘oku faingofua ange ke ta’ofi telia na’a hoko ha me’a he tali ke toki feinga’I ke solova.
• Tokanga ki ho ‘USB connected devices (eg memory sticks, external hard drives, MP3 players) he ‘oku ala ngofua ke nau ma’u mo ‘ave holo e vailasi kehe kehe.
• Tokanga ki ha’o CDs/DVDs he ‘oku malava pe ke ‘iai e vailasi.
• ‘Oua teke fakaava noa’ia ha faile mei ha uepisaiti ‘web-based digital file’ koe kautaha hangē ko ‘High Tail (formerly YouSendt) pe koe ‘Dropbox na’e tukuhifo mei ha uepisaite ta’emahino.
• Fakamo’ui e ‘macro protection’ ‘I loto he Microsoft Office applications’ hangē koe ‘Word’ pe koe ‘Excel’.
• Fakatau pe koe polokalama pe meihe ‘u kautaha pau.
• ‘Ihe taimi ‘oku ke tukuhifo ai e polokalama ta’etotongi, fai pe he founga tokanga.