Vailasi & Spyware

Hangē ko ʻeni, ʻe lava ke maʻu ʻe ha ‘worm’ ha ngaahi vaivai fakamaluʻi ke ne mafola fakahangatonu pe ki he ngaahi komipiuta kehe ʻo fakafou ʻi he netiueka. Ko e ‘Trojan horse ‘(pe ko e ʻ Trojan ʻ) ko ha polokalama ia ʻoku ngali taʻe fakatuʻutamaki ka ʻoku ne fufū uʻi ʻa e ngaahi fatongia ʻoku ne uesia. Ko Zeus (mo hono fakalahi hangē ko e Gameover Zeus) ko ha sipinga ia ʻo ha Trojan, ʻoku lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ke ‘ave ʻaki ha ngaahi ngāue kaka mo fai ha hia ‘oku lahi. ʻE ala uesia ʻe he vailasi ʻa e ngāue pe fakamatala ʻa e polokalama komipiuta.
ʻOku ʻilonga ʻa e niʻihi ‘o e vailasi ki he tokotaha ʻoku ne fakaʻaongaʻi e komipiuta, ka ʻoku lele ha tokolahi ia, ʻo ʻikai ke fakatokangaʻi ʻe he tokotaha fakaʻaongaʻi. ʻE lava ke fakataumuʻa ha vailasi ia ke fakatupu hono tatau ke tokolahi
Ko e Spyware ko ha faʻahinga vailasi ia ʻoku fakataumuʻa pau ke kaihaʻasi e fakamatala fekauʻaki mo hoʻo ʻekitiviti ʻi hoʻo komipiuta. ʻOku maʻu ʻe Spyware e kau faʻu tohi ha ngaahi kaveinga kehekehe, ke ma’u ai ha tupu fakapa’anga. Ko e Spyware ‘oku ne lava ʻo fakahoko ha ngaahi fatongia taʻefakalao, mei hono faʻu ha ngaahi tuʻuaki ki he kaihaʻa mei hoʻo ‘login’ ʻi he pangikē e ʻaki ‘e ne toe hu ki ha ngaahi saiti ʻoku ke ʻaʻahi ki ai pea mo e ngaahi lekooti ‘o e ngaahi ki ‘oku ke taipe’i. ʻE lava ke fakataumuʻa ha Spyware ia ke fakatupu hono tatau ke tokolahi

Fakatuʻutamaki, ʻe lava ke aʻu atu ha vailasi ki hoʻo komipiuta ʻi he fotunga ʻo ha ‘Trojan’, ʻe lava ke fakatupu ‘e ia hono tatau kimuʻa pea ne toki hoko atu ki ha komipiuta ʻe taha (ko ha ʻuanga) pea toe fokotuʻutuʻu foki ia ko ha konga ʻo e ‘spyware’. Ko e vailasi mo e spyware ko e faʻahinga ‘o e ‘malware’, ʻa ia ʻoku kau foki ai e ‘rootkits’, taʻe faitotonu ‘adware’ mo e ‘scareware’

Ngaahi maumau ‘e malava ke hoko

ʻE lava ke ʻohofi ʻe he vailasi mo spyware hoʻo komipiuta ʻo fakafou ʻi he ngaahi founga ko ʻeni:

• Fakaava ʻo e ʻīmeili fakapipiki kuo ‘osi uesia hangē ko e .exe faile.
• Fakaava ʻo e ngaahi faile kuo uesia mei he faile fakakomipiuta ʻoku fakatefito ʻi he ʻInitaneti (hangē ko ʻeni Hightail-naʻe ui kimuʻa ko YouSendIt, mo Dropbox).
• ‘Ahia ‘o e ngaahi uepisaiti ‘oku ‘osi fakamele’i.
• ʻI he ʻInitaneti, ʻoku ʻikai fakatokangaʻi ʻe he tokotaha ‘oku ne fakaʻaongaʻi (ko e ‘worm’ ko ha sipinga ia ʻo e meʻa ni).
• ‘Macros’ ‘i he polokalama fakapepa (word processing, spreadsheets etc).
• USB ʻoku fehokotaki mo e ngaahi me’angāue (eg. Memory sticks, external hard drives, MP3 players).
• CDs/DVDs.

ʻE lava ʻe he vailasi mo e spyware ʻo fakatupu ha ngaahi nunuʻa mamafa ʻaupito ʻo kau ai ʻa e:

• Kaiha’asi ‘o e fakamatala ‘o ha taha ‘oku fakapapu’i ‘aki ia
• Kaka
• Tamateʻi, kaihaʻa mo e fakamele’i ‘o e fakamatala.
• Ko ha komipiuta ‘oku tuai, pe ʻikai kei kei ʻaonga.

Polokalama maluʻi ki he ʻInitaneti (antivirus/antispyware)

‘Oku mahu’inga ke tauhi ho ‘initaneti ke malu (polokalama ta’ofi vailasi, ta’ofi kaiha’a,koe’uhi ke ma’u e malu taha). ‘Oku lau miliona e ngaahi fotunga kehekehe ‘o e ‘malware’ ‘oku tupu fo’ou ‘i he ta’u kotoa pe, tuku kehe hono lau atu e ngaahi mafulifuli ‘o e ‘malware’ lolotonga. ‘Oku takitaha pe ‘a hono ‘ulungaanga mo hono faka’ilonga, ‘o lava ai ‘e he ngaahi kautaha fa’u polokalama malu’i ki he ‘initaneti ‘o fa’u e ngaahi polokalama malu’i ko ia ‘oku ne lava ‘o tala ai e ‘malware’ mo lava ke fakafo’ou ma’u pe.

Ko e tokolahi ‘o e polokalama malu’i ki he ‘initaneti ‘oku ‘download’ ‘otometiki he taimi pe koia (taimi e ni’ihi ‘oku ui koe ‘definitions’) ‘i he taimi kotoa, koloa pe ‘oku ke ‘initaneti pea ‘osi totongi ho’o ‘akauni memipa fakata’u (kihe koloa-‘oku totongi). ‘I he ‘ene pehe ‘oku totonu ke malu ‘aupito ia mei he ngaahi fakatu’utamaki ‘o e vailasi fakamuimuitaha.

Ko e polokalama ‘oku ne fakatotolo ki he vailasi ‘i he ngaahi founga kehekehe pe:

• ‘Oku ne kumi ki he ‘īmeili ‘oku fakapipiki atu ai e vailasi.
• ‘Oku ne monitoa e faile ‘oku faka ava ke fakapapau’i ‘oku ‘ikai ke mahamahaki.
• ‘Oku ne fakatotolo’i fakataimi e ngaahi faile ‘i ho komipiuta.

Ko e polokalama malu’i ki he ‘initaneti e ni’ihi ‘oku nau toe lava ‘o fakatotolo’i e ‘USB connected devices’ (eg memory sticks, external hard drives, MP3 players), he taimi fehokotaki. Ko e fa’ahinga polokalama e ni’ihi ‘oku nau lava ‘o tala e uepisaiti ‘oku ta’epau.

Koe Polokalama malu’i ki he ‘initaneti ‘oku ’ikai lava ia ‘o fakahaofi koe mei he:

• ‘Spam’ ‘īmeili ta’e ’uhinga
• Founga kehekehe e kaka pe ko ha fa’ahinga founga ta’efakalao he ‘initaneti ‘oku ‘ikai fakatupu ‘e he ‘malware’.
• Tokotaha ‘oku feinga mei ha komipiuta ke hu ta’efakalao mai ki ho’o komipiuta ngāue ‘aki e ‘initaneti.

ʻOku ʻikai ʻaonga kapau ʻe tamateʻi pe ʻikai fakatonutonu ʻa e ngaahi fakamoʻoni hingoa fakamuimuitaha ʻo e vailasi, pea manatuʻi ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha polokalama maluʻi ʻi he ʻInitaneti, ko ia ai ʻe kei lava pe ke mei hoʻo polokalama fakakomipiuta ha mafasia foʻou ʻo e malware mei ha uepisaiti kaka pe bogus.

Founga ke fili ‘aki e polokalama malu’i ki he ‘initaneti

‘Oku ‘i ai e ngaahi me’a ‘e lava ke fili mei ai ho polokalama malu’i ki he ‘initaneti ki ha’o ngāue mei ‘api pe ‘i he ‘ofisi. Ko fe pe te ke fili, fakapapau’i ‘oku ke ngāue ’aki ha kautaha ‘oku lelei mo lahi hono ngāue ’aki, mo ma’u e me’a ‘oku fe’unga te ke lava ‘o totongi

‘Oku lahi e ngaahi polokalama malu’i ki he ‘initaneti ‘oku ma’u hono ngaahi fakamatala ‘i he ‘initaneti, ‘o kau atu ai ‘eni mei he Tech Advisor: www.techadvisor.co.uk/test-centre/security/best-antivirus-3676938/

• Package or standalone antivirus/antispyware software. Ko e tokolahi e kautaha ha’anautolu e polokalama malu’i ki he ‘initaneti ‘oku nau fakatau atu pe e polokalama nomolo ‘oku ne fakatotolo’i e vailasi, pehe foki ki he’u polokalama malu’i ‘oku kakato hono ngaahi fatongia malu’i, ‘a ia ‘oku atu ki ai e ‘firewall’, ‘spam filtering’, ’anti spyware’ mo e ‘internet content filters’. Ko e peketi ‘antivirus/antispyware’ ko ia ‘oku kakato ai e fatongia malu’i ‘antivirus/antispyware’, ‘oku fa’a ma’ama’a ange ki he ngaahi kautaha. ‘Oku totonu ke ma’u ‘i he ‘package’ e ngaahi polokalama koto ko ia ke malu’i ‘aki e komipiuta, moupaila mo e ‘infrastructure’ mei he palopalema ‘i he ‘initaneti , pea ‘oku si’i ange ai e fakamole ‘i hano fakatau taau taha e ngaahi polokalama. ‘Oku sai ange hono ngāue ’aki e ngaahi polokalama malu’i na’e fa’u ke faingofua hono ngāue ’aki hangē ko hono fakahū ki ho’o komipiuta, faingofua hono fakafo’ou mo hono ngāue ’aki ‘i ha fa’ahinga naunau ‘ilekitolonika.

• Polokalama malu’i ta’etotongi ‘Oku ‘i ai e ‘u polokalama ‘antivirus/antispyware’ ta’etotongi- kau ai mo e konga ki he komesiale kenau faka’aonga’i. Ko e konga lahi ‘o e ‘u koloa ta’etotongi, ‘no-frills versions’ ‘oku ‘ikai kakato hono naunau koe‘uhi ko e kautaha na’a nau ngaahi ‘oku nau ‘amanaki lelei pe te ke toki ‘upgrade’ ‘i he kaha’u. ‘Oku fai tatau pe ‘a e malu’i ‘oku ma’u ‘i he polokalama ta’etotongi mo e ‘paid for version’, ka ‘oku na kehekehe ‘aki pe, ‘i he tafa’aki tokoni fakatekinikale, ngaahi fatongia hangē ko e fakataimitepile’i e taimi ke lele ai e polokalama malu’i.

• Polokalama maluʻi ki he ʻInitaneti ki he ngaahi pisinisi. ʻI he angamaheni, ʻoku lava ke ngāue ’aki ‘a e antivirus/antispyware polokalama fakakomipiuta ‘i ha komipiuta ʻe tolu. ʻOku totonu ke fakakaukauʻi ʻe he ngaahi pisinisi ke ngāue ’aki ha fa’u ha ngaahi tatau ‘oku ne fakafaingofua’i ‘a e ‘installation’, ‘updating’ mo hono founga ke fakalele ‘aki ‘i he ngaahi komipiuta kehekehe

• Ko e polokalama ‘Windows Defender’ ‘oku ‘osi ‘i he komipiuta – ‘default’ (polokalama angamaheni) – ‘i he ‘Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 moe Windows 10’. Ko e koloa ‘Microsoft’, ‘oku ‘osi fa’u pe ia ke ne lava ‘o ta’ofi, to’o mo ‘quarantine e ‘spyware’ ‘i loto he ‘Microsoft Windows’.

‘Oku ‘i ai e ngaahi kautaha mo e ngaahi falekoloa ‘oku nau fakatau atu e polokalama malu’i fakataha moe komipiuta. ‘Oku ‘ikai ke fu’u fiema’u ia ke ngāue ’aki e polokalama ‘oku ‘oatu,pea kapau te ke fakakaukau ke ke ke ngāue ’aki , pea ke manatu’i ke ke lesisita ‘i he hili pe ‘ene ‘osi e ‘free trial period’ (vaha’a taimi ke tesi’i ta’etotongi ) , koe ‘uhi ke lava hono fakafo’ou e polokalama ki hono polokalama muimuitaha ma’u pe.

Feitu’u ke ma’u mei ai e polokalama malu’i ki he ‘initaneti

Ko e polokalama malu’i ki he ‘initaneti, ‘oku ma’u ia mei he uepisaiti ko ia ‘o e kautaha tautaha ‘oku ne tokanga taha pe ki hono fakatau atu e polokolama malu’i, ‘otu pisinisi falekoloa fakakomipiuta, mo e fale koloa fakatautaha he ‘initaneti. Ko e fakatau ko ia ‘i he loto falekoloa, ‘oku angamaheni pe ke ‘load a disk’ ‘i ai pea toki ‘download upadates’ ‘i he ‘initaneti. ‘I he taimi ‘oku ke fakatau ai he ‘initaneti, ‘e ‘otometiki pe hono ‘download’ e ‘latest version’ (polokalama fakamuimuitaha) ‘a ia ‘oku ma’u kotoa ai e ‘updates’ (polokalama fo’ou).

Ko e polokalama malu’i ki he ‘initaneti ta’etotongi, ‘oku ‘osi fakamatala’i atu ‘i ‘olunga, ‘oku ma’u pe mo ia he ‘initaneti kehekehe (ISPs) mo e pangikē .

Founga ke malu’i ‘aki mei he vailasi mo e polokalama ‘spyware’

Tukukehe mei hono ngāue ’aki e polokalama malu’i ‘initaneti mo hono ‘update’ (fakafo’ou), ‘oku mau fokotu’u atu e ngaahi founga kehekehe ke tauhi ‘aki ho’o komipiuta, mopaila, ‘u me’angāue ‘ilekitolonika mo e netiueka, ke lava ‘o malu mei he vailasi mo e ‘spyware’. Kaekehe, ko hono moʻoni, ʻoku lelei ange ʻa e fakaʻehiʻehi mei he fiukumi ki ha ‘cure’.

• ‘Oua te ke fakaava ha faile ‘oku fakapipiki atu ho ‘īmeili mei ha taha ‘oku ‘ikai te ke fakapapau’i, pe ha me’a pe ‘oku ta’e falala’anga.
• To’o e ‘antivirus’ lolotonga ‘o kapau ‘oku ke fakahū ke ngāue ’aki ha polokalama malu’i fo’ou.
• Tokanga ki ho ‘USB connected devices (eg memory sticks, external hard drives, MP3 players) he ‘oku ala ngofua ke nau ma’u mo ‘ave holo e vailasi kehekehe.
• Tokanga ki ha’o CDs/DVDs he ‘oku malava pe ke ‘i ai e vailasi.
• ‘Oua na’ake fakaava noa’ia ha faile mei he ‘web-based digital file delivery companies’ (kautaha tanaki faile hangē ko e Hightail (na’e ‘iloa ko e YouSendIt) pea mo e Dropbox, koe’uhi ‘oku nau ngāue ’aki e ngaahi faile mei ha fa’ahinga taha pe, pea toe ta’epau, mo ‘ikai ke lava ‘o fakapapau’i e ngaahi feitu’u ‘oku ma’u mei ai e ngaahi faile.
• Ke fakalele ma’u pe e ‘macro protection’ (polokalama malu’i) ‘i he Microsoft Office hangē ko e Word mo e Excel.
• Ke ke fakatau pe e polokalama ‘oku pau mei he ‘u kautaha ‘oku pau.
• Tokanga ‘aupito, kapau ‘oku ke ‘download’ ha polokalama ta’etotongi.