Ngaahi lea laukonga ‘oku ki’i mamafa ange

Koe founga fakapuli ‘o e feitu’u ‘oku hu’u mei ai e pa’anga ma’u ta’efakalao, ‘ihe fakahoko fatongia fakapa’anga ‘pe koe ngaue hangē ha pisinisi ke pulia ai e h’u taefakalao mai.

Sio kihe router.

‘WIFI Protected Access 2’: koe fa’ahing teita ‘encryption’ ‘oku ta’ofi ‘aki he fakafanongo moe hu kihe ‘wireless’ netiueka he kau angana fulikivanu ‘users’.  ‘Defined by the 802.11 standard’.   ‘Oku laka ange ‘enau malu’I he ‘WPA’ pe koe ‘WEP’ 

‘WIFI Proteted Access’: koe fa’ahing teita ‘encryption’ ‘oku ne ta’ofi e fakafangongo moe hu ki he ‘wireless’ netiueka he kau angafulikavanu ‘users’.  ‘Defined by 802.11 standard’;  ‘Oku laka ange ‘enau malui’I he ‘WEP’. 

Ko fa’ahing vailasi ‘oku pipihe vave he netiueka pea ‘oku ‘ikai ke fiema’’u ha taha ke ne fai e me’a koia. 

Koe ‘local area’ netiueka ‘oku ne ngaue ‘aki e ‘signal letio ka ‘oku ‘ikai koe uaea ke ‘ave ai e teita. 

Koe feitu’u fakapule’anga ‘oku lava ai e  fetu’utaki he‘wireless’ ‘initaneti. 

Sio ki he ‘wireless’ netiueka. 

‘Wired Equivalent Privacy’: koe fa’ahinga teita ‘encryption’ ‘oku ne ta’ofi e fakafanongo moe hu ki ha netiueka ‘wireless ‘e ha taha angafulikavanu.  ‘Defined by the 802.11 standard’. 

Koe sisitemi ‘ʻīmeili ‘oku ne ngaue’aki e ‘web browser’ ke ne lau pea ‘ave ‘ʻīmeili , sai ange ia he polokalama ‘ʻīmeili ‘oku tu’u tokotaha hangē koe ‘Microsoft Outlook’ pe koe ‘Apple Mail’.

Koe ‘product flaw’, administrative process’ pe koe nga’unu, pe koe ‘physical exposure’ ‘oku ne ‘ai e komipiuta ke faingofua hono ‘ohofi ‘e ha taha ‘oku anga fulikivanu. 

‘Voice over IP’; Koe tekinolosia kihe fetu’utaki he telefoni – hangē koe ‘asi hoto le’o he ‘initaneti.

Koe foung ‘oku fai ai e feing ke ma’u e fakamatala fakafo’ituitui pe koe fakamatala pa’anga ‘I ha telefoni ke lava ai ke fakahoko ha kākā  pe ‘identi theft’  kaiha’a.

Koe ‘virus’s figerprint’ ‘oku ‘I loto e ngaahi fotunga ‘o ha vailasi pe koe fa’ahinga vailasi. Koe polokalama malu’I ‘initaneti ‘oku ngaue ia ki he ‘database ‘o e ‘u fakamo’oni ke vaka’I e kau ‘users’.

Koe faile na’e tohi’I pe ke ‘oua fakatupu palopalema pe ke ngaue’aki ha founga kākā.

‘Virtual Private Network: koe founga fakatupu e fehokotaki malu ha fo’I poini ‘e ua he ‘initaneti.  ‘Oku fa’a ngaue’aki ki he fetu’utaki  pisinisi-kihe-pisinisi.

Koe hingoa kouti fakataha moe ‘password’, tene fakaava e ‘user account’.

‘Oange e faingamalie kihe tokotaha kotoa ken au a’u ki he faile moe ‘u polokalama ;I he komipiuta.

Koe ‘initaneti-based ‘public bulletin board system’ oku ne faka’ata e kau ‘users’ ken au fokotu’u ‘messages’kihe kulupu kehekehe.

‘Universal Serial Bus’:  koe konga ia ke te fehokotaki e ‘e komipiuta moe ‘periphera;s’ hangē koe ‘external storage. Ki pooti moe “MP3 players’.

Koe founga ke ma’u pea tanaki e ‘evidence’ ‘o e tokotaha ‘I he ngaue ‘aki e ‘passwords’ – hangē ko kaati pangike.

Polokalama ‘oku fakafotunga koe ‘authentic application’, ka ‘oku ne fufū’i ha ‘aitemi mei he ‘malware’.  Ha’u e lea ko’eni meihe ‘Trojan Horse’ koe e talanoa mei he ‘Greek mythology’.

Koe ‘transmission’ ‘o ha fakamatala  pe ha me’a pe he netiueka pe ‘initaneti.

Koe ‘physical object’ hangē koe ‘smart card’, ngaue’aki ke fakapapau’I e ‘users’.

1000gigabytes’

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol’.  Koe ‘protocol pe koe ‘conventions, ‘oku ngaue’aki ki he fetu’utaki he ‘initaneti.

Koe ‘ultra-portable, touchscreen’ komipiuta ‘oku ne vahevahe e konga ‘o’ene ngaue peamoe sisitemi pule ‘oe ‘smartphone ke koe konga lahi koe ive ‘o e komipiuta.

Ke fehokotaki ha naunau fakatekinolosia ‘e ua – hangē koe komipiuta pe koe ‘smartphone’ pe koe ‘tablet’ – ke fakapapau’I ‘oku nau puke e teita hangē koe tu’asila, ‘ʻīmeili , moe faile musika. ‘Koe fakanounou koe synchronise’.

‘Secure Socket Layer’, koe sisitemi ‘acronym ‘oku ne malu’I e ‘internet communications’.

Koe hingoa ‘o ha ‘wireless’ netiueka ‘a ia ‘oku faka’ata e kau ‘users’ moe ‘WIFI’-enabled devices’ ke ne ‘ilo’I ai e kehekehe ‘o e kau ‘wireless’ netiueka.  ‘Acronym for service set identifier’.

‘Malware’ ‘aia ‘oku ne fakapuli ‘ene motoa ha ‘user’s activity’ pe ko ‘ene ‘scan’ ke ma’u ha fakaikiiki fakafo’utuitui.

Taimi ‘oku hanga ha taha ‘oku ‘ikai ke ma’u mafai ‘o tuku atu ha fekau (hangē koe ‘ʻīmeili ) pea ‘oku hangē ‘oku ha’u mei ha taha totonu ‘ihe ‘enau ngaue’aki e ‘tuasila totonu pe meimei tatau’.

‘U ‘imeili fakakomesiale ‘oku ‘ikai ke fiema’u pe kole’i. ‘Oku ‘iloa koe ‘junkmail’.

Ngaue’aki e kākā  he taimi ‘oku ‘offline’ ke hu kihe sisitemi malu pe koe fakaikiki fakafo’ituitui hangē koe ‘ai ke pehe ko ia ‘oku fakafofonga ke tokoni kihe ‘u me’a fakatekinikale.

Koe mopaila telefoni ‘oku fa’u ‘aki e ‘mobile computing platform’ fotunga e komipiuta ‘I loto he mopaila, ka ‘oku toe fakalaka ange e komipiuta ia moe foung  fetu’utaki ‘ihe ‘standard’ telefoni mopaila.

Koe founga ‘oku ngaue’aki ke fakapapau’I he ‘credit card-sized’ kaati ‘aki e ‘embedded chip’ ‘I loto.

Koe fotunga ‘act of counterfeiting’ ha kaati pangike ‘I hono ngaue’aki ha naunau fakatekinikale ke ma’u e fakaikiiki ‘o e kaati moe ‘akauni ‘a e koe ‘oku ‘I loto he ‘card’s magnetic strip’.

Koe komipiuta ‘oku ne sevesi e ‘u faile pe koe sevesi ha ‘u komipiuta kiha netiueka pe koe ‘initaneti.

Koe ki’I konga ‘o ha polokalama pe koe halanga pule’I ke ne ma’u e ‘software bug’, ‘glitch’ pe koe ‘vunerability’ ke ne fakapalopalema’I pea taumu’a kākā.

Kau ‘hacker’ kākā  ‘oku nau fakahoko e ngaue ta’efe’unga ke ma’u ai ‘enau fiefia ka ‘oku ‘ikai koe ‘uhinga ta’efakalao.

Koe ‘device’ ‘oku fakafou holo e netiueka pe koe halanga ‘initaneti. Hangē ko e oku ma’u he ‘atakai e ‘u ‘api/’ofisi iiki ‘I loto e ‘WIFI device’ ‘(wireless hub)’.

Koe me’a ngaue ‘oku faka’aongai he ‘hackers’ ke pule’.

‘Storage devices’ ‘oku ala to’o mei ha komipiuta, hangē ko ‘ CDs/DVDs, USB sticks moe ‘dard drive’ to’oto’o.

Koe DVD ‘oku lava ke hoko koe  tuku’angateita he taimi ‘oku ngau’aki e ‘DVD recorder’.

Koe kouti na’e fa’u k eke ‘scan’ he me’afaita he ‘smartphone’ ‘a ia ‘oku ‘I ai e fetu’utaki moe uepisaiti koe ha’ana e kouti.  ‘Oku hangē ko ‘barcode’. ‘oku ‘ikai ke malava lau ia he kan’I mata.

A server that manages internet traffic to and from a local area network and can provide other functions, such as internet access control.

Koe lisi ‘o titeila fakafo’ituitui ‘oku tukuatu ia he kau ‘users’ ‘o e netiueka fakasosiale, va’inga,teiti pea mo ha toe uepisaiti pe.  Koe fotunga e ala fakalelei’I ke tuku atu ki ha taha pe pe ‘e tuku pe ke malu fakafo’ituitui.

Totonu ke te hu ki he komipiuta mo e teita –‘oku fa’a feto’aki he vaha’a e ‘users’ fakatatau kihe me’a ‘oku nau totonu ki ai pe ta’etotonu ki ai.

Koe fika telefoni,  kamata ‘aki e 09, ‘a ia ‘oku mamafa hono taila’i.  Taimi lahi ‘oku fekau ‘aki moe ‘scam’ kākā.

Koe ‘physical’ pe koe ‘virtual connection’ ‘I ha komipiuta ke ne fakahoko e ‘applications’ ke talanoa moe p ‘pre-determined’ naunau fakatekinolosia kehe.

Koe ki’I matapa ‘oku ‘asi mai he peesi uepi, lahi e taimi koe ‘asi mai ai ha tu’uaki.

‘Ta’efakalao hono kopi pe koe ngaue’aki ha me’a ‘oku ‘ihe malumalu ‘oe lao ‘intellectual property’ hangē koe ‘copyright’.

Koe ki’I polokalama oku ne fakafehokotaki kita mo ha komipiuta fou he ‘initaneti ke vakai’I pe ‘oku ne tali mai.

Fika fakapulipuli ‘oku ne ‘’ID’ ‘aki kita.

Koe feinga ha founga ke  kaiha’a ‘identiy theft’ ‘a ia ‘oku taki ‘ehe kau kākā  e kau ‘users’  ki ha uepisaiti ‘counterfeit’ loi ‘ihe ‘amanaki tenau tukuange mai enau fakamatala fakafo’ituitui hangē koe ‘user names’ pe koe lea fakapulipuli.

Koe hu ‘oku fai he kau fai hia kākā  ‘o maumau’I e founga ngaue e ‘DNS software’ ‘aia ‘oku ne fakatonulea e ‘internet domain’ hingoa moe tu’asila.  Koe ‘user ‘oku ne fakahu e tu’asila totonu ka ‘oku ‘ave ia kihe uepisaiti loi.

Fakalao pe hono ‘hack’ ha sistemi komipiuta pe uepisaiti ‘ihe fakamafa’I pe he taha ha’ana ke lava ‘o ‘ai ke ‘ilo e vavai’anga pea kumi ha faingamalie ke fakalaka e malu’i.

Koe netiueka ‘oku ngaue ‘aki kihe fe’ave’aki e musika moe faile vitio moe ‘applications’ he vaha’a ha taha he ‘initaneti.

‘Portable Document Format’ ‘oku ne fakahaofi ha tokiumeni ke toki fakaava pea te sio ‘ihe ‘u naunau fakteinolosia kae ngaue ‘aki sisteni pule’I kehekehe.

A software update, often related to improving security.

‘Ihe taimi ‘oku ‘Bluetooth-enabled devices’ fakafehokotaki ai ke lava ha fetu’utaki.

Koe faka’ilonga he ‘web browser’ ‘oku ne fakamahino mai e ‘encrypted (SSL) fehokotaki kihe saiti ‘oku maau hono ‘valid certificate’ lesisita.  Pea fakapipiki mai ai e ‘https’ ‘ihe kamata’anga ‘o e tu’asila.

Taimi ia kuo pule’I mai ho’o komipiuta he kau ‘hacker’ kākā .

Koe polokalama ‘oku ne ‘ai ho komipiuta pe mopaila ke ngaue.

Koe lea ‘oku fa’a ngaue ‘aki ke ne fakamatala’I e polokalama komipiuta ‘oku ‘osi fokotu’u ke fengaue’aki , taimi lahi koe ngaue ‘a e kau volenitia ‘ihe founga ta’e pisinisi.

Koe founga ‘backup’ ‘oku fakahoko e teita he ‘initaneti kihe ‘storage’, ‘aia ‘oku ui koe ‘cloud’ ‘backup’.

Koe founga ‘oku ne lava ‘o tala e tokotaha pau na’ane fakahoko ha ngaue ‘ihe komipiuta pe koe ‘initaneti pea ‘ikai lava ke ne faka’ikai’i.

Koe ngaahi komipiuta ‘oku nau fehokotaki, fakataha moe ‘connecting infrastructure’

Koe naunau fakatekinolosia ‘oku ne ta e ‘MP3’ faile musika.

Koe tekinolosia ‘oku ngaue’aki ke ‘store’ e ‘u faile ‘sound, tautautefito kihe musika pe koe ‘podcasts’.

Tokotaha ‘oku fakangaue’I he kau hia kākā  ke talafi pa’anga ta’efakalao mei ha fonua ‘e taha ‘o ‘ave ki ha fonua ‘e taha, taimi lahi kihe feitu’u ko e ‘oku nofo ai e hia kākā.

Koe ‘memory device’ ‘oku lava to’o. angamaheni ‘oku ‘connect’ ki he komipiuta pe koe ‘USB’.

1000 kilobytes.

Koe polokalama ‘oku ngaue’aki pe fakatupu he kau ‘hackers’ fai hia kākā kene fakatupu maumau e ngaue e komipiuta, tanaki e ‘sensitive information’, pe koe hu kihe ‘u me’a mahuinga he sistemi ‘o e komipiuta. Koe fakanouou koe  polokalama fulikivanu.

Koe vailasi ‘oku ne ngaue’aki e ‘macro capabilities’ kihe ‘common applications’ hangē koe ‘spreadsheets’ pea moe ‘word processors’ ke fakahoko e fotunga ‘oku hangē ‘ene to’onga ‘ok ma’u he vailasi.

Koe fa’ahinga polokalama ‘oku ngaue’aki ke to’o hono toe ‘ai e sitepu kihe ‘common tasks’ ta tu’o lahi – hangē koe tanaki pe to’o e lailaine  moe laine loloa he tafa’aki pe koe malu’I pe ta’e malu’I e ‘worksheets’.

Koe faile ‘oku ne lisi ai e me’a kotoa kuo ‘osi hoko.

‘Local Area Network’: koe komipiuta ‘oku ngaue’aki ke fetu’utaki moe ‘u komipiuta kehe he feitu’u ‘e taha.  ‘E lava ke ngaue ‘aki e uaea pe ‘ikai.

Koe ‘open-source’ koe sistemi pule’I ‘oku ma’u ngofua.

Sio ki he ‘money laundering’.

‘1000 bytes’.

Koe vailasi pe koha naunau fakatekinolosia ‘oku ne ‘logs keystrokes’ kene puke’I mai ‘aki e fakamatala fakapulopuli ha taha, ‘passwords’ pe koe  fakaikiiki ‘o e‘credit card’.

Koe polokalama kihe ‘u lea na’e ha’u is meihe ‘Java’ pea ‘oku ngaue’aki ia he ‘u peesi uepi ke fehu’uaki.

Taha ia ‘o e polokalama ‘iloa pea ngaue’aki kihe lea kehekehe.  ‘uluaki ngaoki ia he ‘Sun Microsystems 9’iloa koe Oracle).

‘IP malu’I’:  ‘IPSec’ ‘oku ne ma’u atu e malu’I ki ho’o ‘fe’ave’aki ho’o ngaahi fakamatala pe ha me’a pe ‘oku mahu’inga ‘I he netiueka ‘oku ‘ikai ke malu hangē ko ‘initaneti.  ‘IPSec’ ‘oku ngaue ia he ‘network layer’, malu’I mo fakapapau’I e ‘IP packets’ he vaha’a ‘o e ‘JPSec devices’ ‘oku fengaue’aki.

‘Internet Protocol’ tu’asila;  koe tu’asila makehe ‘oku ne lava ‘o tala e komipiuta pe koe telefoni maopaila he ‘initaneti’

Koe ‘initaneti ‘Service Provider’; koe kautaha ‘oku nau fakahojo e ‘initaneti.

Sisitemi pule ‘a e ‘Apple’’oku ngau’aki ‘I he iPhone moe iPad  ‘devices’.

Fepotalanoa ‘aki ha toko ua pe lahi ange fou  he taipe he komipiuta per koe ‘devices’ to’oto’o, koe Sisitemi ‘oku kau ai e ‘BlackBerry Messenger, Facebook Chat, MSN Messenger, AOL Instant Messenger, Yahoo’.

Koe fotunga malu hono malu’I e ‘u komipiuta moe teita hono ngau hala ‘aki.

Koe ‘ofisi e ‘UK Information Commissioner (ICO) koe sino  tau’ataina ia ‘a e kakai ke ne tauhi e ‘information rights’ ma’a e kakai ke tauhi e Lai Malu’ie e teita Lai 1998 moe lao ‘Freedom of Information 2000’.

Koe ‘u faile  na’e ‘backup ‘oku ‘osi liliu pe tanaki meihe taimi na’e ‘backup’ fakamuimui  ‘oku tauhi pea toe vave ange ia he ‘full backup’.

‘International Mobile Equipment Identification”. Koe fika makehe ‘oku ‘osi fa’u kihe telefoni mopaila pea moe ‘tablets’.  Ko hono fakapapau’I e  fika ‘IMEI’, taila e *#06# ‘I he ‘device’.

‘Internet Engineering Task Force’ koe sino ia ‘oku ne fakafaikehe kehe’I e ‘standards underlying’ he ‘initaneti.

Koe maumaulao kete fakfotunga ‘aki ha taha kehe – ‘I ha’ate ngue’aki e fakamtala fufū  ‘a kita – ke ma’u ai ha koloa fakapa’anga.

Ngaue’aki he ‘Apple’ ke tuku ai ha me’a pe ke ‘backup’.

‘Hypertext Mark up language’:  koe komipiuta kouti ‘oku ngaue’aki ke fokotu’u e founga ke fa’u ‘aki e ‘u peesi he uepi.

Koe feitu’u fakapule’anga e malava ke te hu ai ‘o ‘initaneti.

Koe netiueka ‘oku ‘I loto ai e malu’I, ngaohi ke faka’ai’ai e kau ‘hacker’ ki he ngaahi feitu’u ta’emahino ke ‘oua tene maumau’I e teita mahu’inga mo mo’oni.

Koe ‘ʻīmeili ‘oku ne fai e loi pea ‘oku muiaki mai moe fakakaukau kākā, hangē koe fakatokanga vailasi.  Koe ngaahi ‘ʻīmeili  ‘e malava pe ke hu mai ai e valasi mo’oni pea ‘oku fa’u kinautolu ke vave e pipihi e vailasi.

Koe ‘fixed magnetic disk drive’  konga tisi makinito ‘oku ne tanaki mot uku e teita ‘I loto he komipiuta.

Koe ‘hacker’ ko hataha  ‘oku ne maumau’I e malu’I e komipiuta ke fakahoko ha kovi lahi, per ko ha’ane ‘ai ke ma’u ai ha’ane me’a.

Koe founga ‘oku fakatupu ha taha ke vaofi taumu’a kef ai ha founga ta’efakalao pe koe fakahoko ha kovi.  Taimi lahi ‘oku fakamatala’I e ‘paedophiles’ ‘enau fakamaheni ‘o tupu ai e fehokotaki moe s’ii fanau ‘oku ‘ikai ken au si’I ‘ilo’i.

1000 ‘megabytes.

Koe ‘firewall ‘oku lolotonga lele ‘ihe fo’I feitu’u pau pea ‘oku ‘ai ai e netiueka ‘private’ he kolo ‘oku fehokotaki moe ‘initaneti fakapule’anga.

Koe tauhi malu e filifili e ‘u faile e ni’ihi ke tauhi ki ai, tatau ai pe pe ‘oku liliu talu e ‘backup’ fakamuimui.

Koe ‘File Transfer Protocol’. Koe founga if ‘oku fakahoko ai e ‘e faile teita he ‘initaneti, vaha’a e kay pisinisi.

Koe founga ia ‘oku ngaue’aki he tokolahi ke hu kiho ‘wireless’ netiueka ta’e’iai ha mafai kihe fehokotaki.

Koe konga e misini pe koe polokalama na’e fa’u pe ke ta’ofi ‘aki e hu fakamalohi ki he komipiuta pe koe netiueka meihe ‘initaneti.

Koe ‘biometric form’ ‘oku ne fakapapau’I ‘aki e ngaue’aki ho lohulohu’I nima.  Ngaue’aki lahi ia he ‘PCs’ koe founga ia ‘e taha mei he ‘password’ lea fakapulipuli.

Fakafainga malie’I e ‘u faile he ‘initaneti kihe kau ‘users’. Hangē moe ta fasi pe koe faile vitio.

Koe faile fakahoko fatongia: ngau’aki he ‘u polokalama ke fakahu ke lele he loto komipiuta.

Koe tokotaha falala’anga koe ‘ene sevesi koe pukepuke ha pa’anga, polokalama pe koha toe koloa pe fakataimi kae ‘oleva ke fakakato e fatongia.

Koe founga liliu e teita kihe ‘cipher text ‘ (koe fa’ahinga kouti) ‘oku ne ta’ofi e fie’ilo ki ai ha taha ‘oku ‘ikai ke fakamafai’I’.

Koe polokalama ‘oku ne sivi e ‘ʻīmeili  ‘oku hu main a ma’u ai e ‘spam’ pe koe ‘u vailasi pe koe ‘imeil ‘oku tuku atu.

‘U faile hangē koe tokiumeni pe ko ‘u ta, ‘oku pipiki mai ha ‘ʻīmeili.

Koe tokotaha ‘oku ne gaue ‘aki (tautautefito kiha taha  ‘malicious user’angakovi) pea ma’u ‘e ia e totonu ‘oku ‘ikai ken au fa’a ma’u.

Fakafanongo kiha le’o pe koha halanga teita ta’e’ilo kiai pe loto kiai e tokotaha ‘sender’ pe koe tokotaha ‘oku ‘recepient’ ne ma’u.

Fotunga fa’u ki ha polokalama kihe ‘uhing fakaoli pe fakatupu ai ha kovi.  Koe fotunga ‘oku fa’u ki loto ki he polokalama komipiuta he tokotaha na’ane fa’u. ‘Oku tanaki ki ai ‘ihe ‘uhinga fakaoli pe koha ‘uhinga kovi.

Koe founga ‘enisinia’I e fakasosiale ‘ahia ‘e he kau fai hia kākā  ‘o huke e kapa veve ‘I loto he komipiuta ke tanaki ha fakamatala fakafo’ituitui.

Ke ma’u mei he ‘initaneti, koe ‘ʻīmeili  ‘oku pipiki mai ai per mei ha komipiuta ‘oku tu’u ha feitu’u tokotaha, kiho’o ‘hard drive’.

Koe komipiuta ‘oku ne liliu e hingoa e ‘recognisable domain’ (eg Microsoft.com) kihe ‘enau ‘unique IP’ tu’asila (eg 207.46.245.222).

Koe tu’asila uepisaiti, toe ‘iloa koe ‘URL’.

Koe tu’unga ‘oku ‘iai e ‘Bluetooth device’ ‘a ia ne ‘osi fokotuutu’u ke ne fakahoko holo ia kihe ‘u ‘Blouethooth devices’ kehe.

Teita ‘oku ngaue’aki ke ‘ilo’I pea fakapapau’I e ‘sender’ mo e mo’oni e ‘message’ teita.  Lava pe ke fakataha’I mo ha ‘message pe koe ‘ave kehekehe pe.

Polokalama na’e fa’u ke ta’ofi ‘aki e keu hu ta’e ma’ungofua ki loto kiha komipiuta fou he ‘initaneti.

Hu fakamalohi e kau kākā ‘o ki tu’a e sevesi pea pulia leva kihe kau ngaue’aki totonu.  ‘O hangē ko ‘eni, alea’I e lau million ‘oe kau ‘ahia e uepisaiti he taimi taha- founga mei he ‘Bot Net’.

Koe founga ‘oku fakafoki ai e teita ‘encrypted’ ki hono tu’unga motu’a.

Ko e Lai malu’i teita 1998 ‘oku ne hangē ‘o fakamahino ai e tu’unga fakalao ki hono founga moe malu’I ‘ete teita fakafo’ituitui ‘i he ‘UK’.

Koe polokalama ‘update’ tene fakalelei e palopalema e ‘security flaw’ e malu’i.

Kumi e lea. Pe ko e mata’ fika fufū ‘aki e fetuiaki e lea moe fika.

Koe k’I faile ‘oku ne kole ke faka’ata ke hu mai ki he ‘hard drive’ ho’o komipiuta.  Koe ‘cookies’ ‘oku ne faka’ata e ‘web applications’ ke ne ‘personalise’ ho’o a’usia ‘I he tanaki mo manatu’i e fakamatala fekau ‘aki moe ‘u mea’ ‘oku ke sai’ia ai.

Koe tiliva ‘o e feitu’u tuku’anga moe lahi e lahi e ngaue e  komipiuta  kia nautolu ‘oku nau ngau’aki meihe ‘initaneti. Ngaue’aki ‘e kinautolu ki he ‘backing uo’ e teita moe ‘hosting applications’.

Sio ki he ‘cloud computing’.

Koe fakahoko fatongia pe koe sistemi ‘oku fehokotaki mo ha ‘server’ – aia ‘oku fa’a ui koe komipiuta fakatautaha ‘I he netiueka.

Koe loki potalanoa  fakatokolahi he ‘initaneti ‘aia ‘oku lava ai e talanoa (‘ihe’ete taipe) mo ha kakai ‘oku nau ngaue’aki e me’a koia ‘real time’.

Koe founga ‘a hono fakatafoki’i ha totongi ke fakafoki e pa’anga e kasitoma – koe angamaheni ‘oku hoko ia he ‘ikai ma’u e koloa pe ‘oku ‘I ai hano anga.

Koe faile ‘oku  ‘encrypted’ pea ‘oku ‘I loto e ‘user’ pe koe ‘server Identification information’, ‘a ia ‘oku ngaue’aki ke fakapapau’i koe ha’ana ia e uepisaiti pea tokoni kihe fakahoko e ‘security-enhanced link’.

Koe ‘iuniti pe koe fua e manatu e komipiuta, koe taimi lahi ‘oku 8 ‘binary digits (bits)’ ‘oku tui fio fakataha, ‘oku totonu ke fe’unga pe ia ke ne fa’o e mata’I tohi pe koe ‘digit’ ‘e taha.

Koe fehalaaki pe koe palopalema e polokalama komipiuta.

Taimi koe ‘oku fu’u lahi ai e me’a ‘oku ‘ave ki he ‘buffer’ ‘I he me’a na’e ngaohi kiai.  ‘E malava ke ‘ohofi he kau fai hia ken au pule’I e sisitemi.

Koe ‘region’ feitu’u ‘oku ‘I ai e manatu ‘aia ‘oku tanaki ai e teita ‘o nofo fakataimi ai pea to ki ‘ave ki he vaha’a e feitu’u ‘e ua pe vaha’a e  naunau fakatekinolosia.

Koe Polokalama ‘oku ne tukuange kihe kau huke peesei ke nau lau pea tokoni kihe huke e peesi he ‘initaneti, hangē ko ‘Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla’s Firefox, Google’s Chrome pea moe Apple’s Safari’.

Koe ‘u ‘PC’ ‘oku ‘ikai fe’ilongaki ka ‘oku ‘osi ‘I loto e vailasi pea ‘oku pule’I mai ia he kau fai hia kākā  pe koe kau hia fakamalohi.  Koe fakanounou any e ‘Robot Network’.

Koe lea fufū  ‘e fie ma’u kimu’a e mo’ui e komipiuta pe ko ha sisitemi ngaue ‘e ala ‘loaded’.

Koe kamata’I pe koe fakamo’ui, mopaila telefoni pe ko ‘tablet’.

Koe mita nunou ‘wireless’ fehokotaki he vaha’a hangē ko e mopaila, ‘headsets’ sipika he ongo telinga tui he ‘ulu pea moe komipiuta.

Koe ‘basic binary’ ‘iuniti ‘o e teita, fakafofonga’i e 0 pe koe 1.

Koe polokalama ‘BIOS’ ‘oku ‘osi fa’u ia ‘I loto ho’o ‘PC’ komipiuta pea koe ‘uluako polokalama ia ‘oku fakalele he ‘PC’ xa he taimi ‘oku fakamo’ui ai.  Koe polokalama ‘oku lava ke ngaue’aki e lea fakapulipuli ke malu pea ta’of e ‘PC’ meihe ‘ene fakamo’ui ke hoko atu.

Ngaue ‘aki e fua e sino, hangē koe louhi’inima moe kano’imata, koe founga ia ke fakapapa’u ko koe ia.

Koe oma ko e ‘o e netiueka ke ne fakahoko e teita – ngaue’aki ke fakamatala’I e oma ‘o e fehokotaki e ‘initaneti.

Koe teita ‘oku kopi teliea na’a palopalema pe mole e komipiuta.

Koe ngahofe I loto he sisitemi malu’I e  komipiuta ‘oku fakafaingofua ai ke hu e kau ‘hacker’ hu fakamalohi ki loto.  Taimi lahi ‘oku ‘osi ‘I loto pe ia he taimi ne fa’u ai e misini koe fo’I taumu’a pe fai e fo’I me’a koia.

Koe founge ke fakapapu’I koe tokotaha pe koha tokotaha ‘oku ne pehe koia pe koe me’a ia, ‘ihe ‘ete me’a pe koe komipiuta fakatokolahi (kau ai e ‘initaneti), fakapapau’I koe founga ia ‘oku ngaue ‘aki lahi ki he lea fakapulipuli.

Faile, hangē ko ha polokalama pe tokiumeni ‘oku fakapipiki maim o ha ‘ʻīmeili.

Misini Tela ‘Otometiki: koe misini pa’anga. ‘aia ‘oku fa’au ui koe ‘ava he holisi’.

Polokalama ‘oku fakataumu’a hono ngaohi ke ‘ilo’I ai pea ta’ofi e vallasi kehekehe. Taimi lahi ‘oku ha’u fakataha ia moe polokala malu’I ‘initaneti.

Polokalama ‘oku ‘ikai tautoitoi na’e ngaohi fakatapau kene ‘ilo’I e pea ta’ofi e polokalama tautoitoi.  Taimi lahi ‘oku ha’u fakataha ia mo e polokalama malu’I initaneti.

Koe sistemi ngaue ia’ oku ngaue’aki he konga lahi e ‘u kautaha ‘oku ngaohi ai e ‘smartphone’ moe tablets.  Koe fakaonopooni taha fakamamani lahi e sistemi ngaue ma’ae ‘smartphone.

Koe sisitemi ‘instant messaging’ ia ‘a e ‘AOL’.

‘Oku hangē nai koe ‘spyware’ polokalama tautoitoi ka ‘oku tu’uaki mai ai e ngaahi tu’uaki ‘oku ‘ikai fiema’u ia ka ‘oku ‘asi mai he komipiuta.

Ko ha fa’ahing taha kākā  tene paa’usi’I ha taha ke totongi pa’anga ki mu’a ka toki ma’u mai ha me’a ‘oku lahi ange kimui.

Koe tokotaha ‘user’ ‘oku ‘iai ‘ene totonu ke hu pea nau kau he toto pule’i e totonu ‘oe kau ‘users’ kehe pea mo ‘enau  fatongia ma’olunga ke pule’I e komipiuta ‘management tasks’.

Tenau fakafa’ata ho founga ‘browsing’ ‘I henau fakangofua e ‘animation pe koe tokoni ‘aki e foung fakahu ki kihe komipiuta ‘a ‘security updates’ meihe ‘Mircrosoft Update’.  Kapau he’ikai keke falala ki he uepisaiti ko’eni moe fai pulusi, ‘click’ ‘Don’t run’ he taimi ‘oku fokotu’u mai ai.

Mapule’I pe ko hai ‘oku ‘I ai e ‘u fakamatala’.

Koe founga ‘oku fa’a ngaue’aki ki he netiueka ‘wireless’.

Koe founga fakalaka koe ata meihe hia kākā , ‘a ia ‘oku kole’I atu keke tokoni ke talafi ha pa’anga mei ha fonua ‘e taha.  Na’e kamata mei ‘West Africa‘ pea koe 419 koe konga ia ‘o e ‘Nigerian’ kouti fakalao ‘oku ne malu’I e hia.

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